Pdf italian version of the mental adjustment to cancer. Suicide risk assessment in oefoifond veterans bridget b. The medical acronym abbreviationslang mac means mental adjustment to cancer scale. The size and extent of cancers when they are first diagnosed reveals a lot of important information about treatment options. Seventyfour patients of the clinic of oncology and haematology at the central clinical hospital csk of the ministry of interior msw in warsaw were included in the study.
Mac mental adjustment to cancer scale minimac minimental adjustment to cancer scale qol quality of life secel the selfevaluation of communication experiences after laryngeal cancer ssecel the swedish secel sf36 the short form 36 health survey tnm classification system for malignant tumours. Mental adjustment to cancer questionnaire how is mental. Visn 19 mental illness research education and clinical center mirecc, denver va medical center. To determine the diagnostic accuracy of the minimental state examination mmse at various cut points for dementia in people aged 65 years and over in community and primary care settings who had not undergone. However, little is known about the association between patients mental adjustment to cancer and their spouses characteristics or social support network. Broad categories of adjustment to cancer were originally identified clinically. But, changes to these genes can cause cells to malfunction, causing them to grow and divide when. In this context an attitude called fighting spirit gained much attention as a coping style.
Validation studies of the scale have shown inconsistency in the obtained factor structures. Please circle the appropriate number to the right of each statement, indicating how far it applies to you at present. Ruth tully, a consultant forensic psychologist, is the director of tully forensic psychology ltd. The relations between mental adjustment to disease and different variables are subject to analysis, interpretation, and evaluation. The mini mental adjustment to cancer scale minimac is widely used to evaluate cancer patients psychological responses to diagnosis and treatment. The aim of this study was to replicate the factorial structure of the spanish version of the scale and ascertain the correlations between dimensions of the mac and socio. Measurement of attitudes, beliefs and behaviors of mental. We report here a validation study of the mac scale. The minimental adjustment to cancer scale minimac is widely used to evaluate cancer patients psychological responses. It has been suggested that these five subscales could be grouped to form the.
When the patient becomes overly demanding, it usually is with close family relationships or within a work setting. In the present study, we examined whether mental health selfefficacy mhse, a construct derived from banduras social learning theory slt, influenced symptom and functional outcomes of a new mobile phone and webbased psychotherapy intervention for people with mildto. Nonmelanoma skin cancer nmsc occurs less frequently in darkskinned people but its important to know the signs, symptoms and treatments. The swedish version of the mini mac has been obtainedby standard translation. The mini mental state examination mmse is a cognitive test that is commonly used as part of the evaluation for possible dementia. See also approach to the patient with mental symptoms and introduction to the neurologic examination. Mac scale, an instrument derived from the mac and designed to measure styles of coping with cancer. Disease dynamic trial listing page national cancer institute. Sep 26, 2014 online psychotherapy is clinically effective yet why, how, and for whom the effects are greatest remain largely unknown. Recent evidence demonstrates adequate convergent validity but inconsistent internal consistency and factor structure. The lerman breast cancer worry scale includes three items, one measuring the frequency of worrying about getting breast cancer some day, and two items measuring the impact of worry on mood and performing daily activities. How to assess mental status msd manual professional edition.
Among them, carbon nanotubes emerged as valid candidates not only for drug delivery, but also as a valuable tool in cancer imaging and physical ablation. The anatomic staging of cancer is hallowed by tradition, and for the purpose of analysis of groups of. The portuguese version of mini mental adjustment to cancer mini mac scale shows good psychometric properties, justifying its use in research and clinical practice in order to study and evaluate the mental adjustment of patients with cancer receiving palliative care in the final stage of life. The stanford emotional self efficacy scale cancer sesesc was designed to measure three domains of emotional selfefficacy for cancer. Mental adjustment to cancer scale is designed to assess psychological responses to cancer diagnosis and is widely used in research and clinical practice. Neglecting mental health in cancer treatment psychology. Other times, a tumor might be dangerously large or the cancer may have already spread to other parts of the body. Objective to identify the causes of an altered mental status in a cancer population methods we studied 140 confused patients with cancer 100 prospectively and 40 retrospectively between january 1, 1991, and june 30, 1992, to determine clinical findings, causes, and outcome results all patients had noncentral nervous system cancers.
Rasch analysis of the minimental adjustment to cancer scale. Mental adjustment to cancer scale mac 8, developed for measuring mental adjustment to cancer in a general cancer population. Braf mutations are also associated with msih, thought to be due to hypermethylation of mlh1. The degree of adaptation to cancer was evaluated with the use of the minimental adjustment to cancer minimac scale. This paper describes a study of cancer patients characteristics and social support factors as predictors of the patients responses to having cancer.
The aim of this study was to examine the factor structure and psychometric properties of the minimac. The widely used mental adjustment to cancer mac scale was designed to measure fighting spirit fs, anxious preoccupation ap, helplesshopelessness hh and fatalism. Aims and methods the overall aim was to evaluate methods of screening and assessment of distress, anxiety, and depression in cancer patients. A sample of 225 women diagnosed with breast cancer completed this questionnaire.
Extended and refined the scope of the mental adjustment to cancer mac scale m. Development of a questionnaire measure of adjustment to cancer. Psychometric properties of the japanese version of the mental adjustment to cancer mac scale. The italian version of the mini mental adjustment to cancer mini mac scale.
Psychometric tools used in the study included the acceptance of illness scale, the minimental adjustment to cancer questionnaire, and the coping strategies questionnaire. A large sample of 364 chinese patients with breast or. Rasch analysis of the minimental adjustment to cancer. To find a safe dose of lmb100 plus tofacitinib in people with pancreatic cancer, bile. Cancers effect on mental health the mesothelioma group. Ratings are determined through use of an unstructured interview format. The mental adjustment to cancer scale mac scale has evolved to a standard measure in the field of psychooncology. The factorial validation of the mini mac the mental adjustment to cancer scale, that measures mental adjustment to cancer, is investigated.
Distress, anxiety, and depression screening and assessment of. Jun 30, 2011 using a longitudinal design, aim of this study was to investigate the relation between mental adjustment to cancer and anxiety, depression, healthrelated quality of life hrql and survival in patients treated for laryngeal cancer. The mental adjustment to cancer mac scale was developed by watson et al. Subsequently, a selfrating questionnairethe mac mental adjustment to cancer scalewas developed to measure these categories of adjustment. The highest scores in the anxious preoccupation and helplessnesshopelessness subclasses were those of the lung, colorectal, breast and prostate cancer patients. Mac mental adjustment to cancer scale in medical by. Screening, assessment and management of psychosocial distress, major depression and anxiety in adults with cancer, canadian partnership against cancer cancer journey advisory group and the canadian association of psychosocial oncology, toronto 2015. Mental adjustment to cancer and its relation to anxiety. Development of the scale on psychological adjustment of.
The mhi was developed as part of the national health insurance study veit and ware, 1983 and has been studied extensively in a variety of populations. Mini mental adjustment to cancer mini mac scale, which measures the degree of mental adjustment to disease. New mentalhealth resource for cancer patients newsmax. Macq mental adjustment to cancer questionnaire acronymfinder.
Validation studies of the scale have shown methodological shortcomings and inconsistency in the factor solutions. Problems in the factor structure of the scale and the need for refining the instrument have determined the development of the mini mac. The present study examined the moderating role of several psychological strategies of adjustment to cancer in the associations between the personality predispositions of selfcriticism and neediness and distress among women diagnosed with breast cancer. Use of the minimac scale in the evaluation of mental. Altered mental status in patients with cancer neurology. People with cancer, as well as their doctors, need to remember that mental health is as important as physical health for these patients, the authors note. Cancer patients who experience depression can use both therapy and lifestyle tools to help support their mental health, according to a new patient resource from the jama oncology journal. The degree of adaptation to cancer was evaluated with the use of the mini mental adjustment to cancer mini mac scale. Mental adjustment and healthrelated quality of life in. If you or a loved one has been diagnosed with prostate cancer, you may already be familiar with the gleason scale.
The drug lmb100 targets cancer cells that make this protein. Populationbased norms for the minimental state examination by age and educational level. Mental adjustment to cancer questionnaire listed as macq. Internalized stigma of mental illness scale9 ismi9. Nccn clinical practice guidelines in oncology nccn. Macq stands for mental adjustment to cancer questionnaire. The mental adjustment to cancer mac scale is widely used to assess psychological response to cancer. It is a selfcompleted questionnaire that can evaluate not only mental health status but. The purpose of this paper is to develop the scale on psychological adjustment of cancer survivors pacs and analyse its reliability and validity. Mac mental adjustment to cancer scale mini mac mini mental adjustment to cancer scale qol quality of life secel the selfevaluation of communication experiences after laryngeal cancer ssecel the swedish secel sf36 the short form 36 health survey tnm classification system for malignant tumours. Cns who classifications use a grading scheme that is a malignancy scale ranging across a wide variety of neoplasms rather than a strict histologic grading system that can be applied equally to all tumor types. Pdf rasch analysis of the minimental adjustment to. The present study examines the factor structure and psychometric properties of the minimental adjustment to cancer scale minimac in a sample of iranian adults who suffer from cancer. Its important to note that although the study strongly links cancer and a mental health disorders, it wasnt designed to prove that having.
It was developed by physician donald gleason in the 1960s. The tool is constituted of eight statements forming. Screening for distress in newly diagnosed cancer patients. Mental adjustment to cancer scale mac mental adjustment to cancer scale mental adjustment to cancer scale assessment scale hide descriptions. Mental health, mental fatigue and breast cancer screening. It has been suggested that these five subscales could be grouped to form the overarching adaptive and maladptive coping subscales to facilitate the interpretation and clinical application of the scale. Assessment of adjustment of patients in cancer treatment trials is becoming more common and increasingly regarded as a useful outcome measure. How is mental adjustment to cancer questionnaire abbreviated. To address the issue of deinstitutionalization and communitycentered treatment, taylor, dear and hall 1979 and taylor and dear 1981 created the community attitudes toward mental illness cami, using the omi as a conceptual basis, with a new community mental health ideology dimension. The minimac contains 29 items and the psychometric properties of the minimac have proved satisfactory 31. Because mental health conditions are believed to be underdiagnosed in cancer patients, it is wise to take a proactive approach to detecting these conditions. Digital comprehensive summaries of uppsala dissertations from the faculty of medicine 1006. Researchers want to see if lmb100 combined with another drug can help people with these tumors.
May 01, 2012 the distress thermometer, a true subscale of the many mental adjustment for cancer scale as a way to understand the two most important clinical dimensions of coping that are helplessness, hopelessness from a one side and anxious preoccupation from the other. The psychometric properties of a chinese version of the mini mental adjustment to cancer scale mini mac were examined among 115 chinese cancer patients in hong kong. Mental adjustment to cancer has been explored in a large body of the literature by using the mental adjustment to cancer mac scale. Nov 04, 2015 seventyfour patients of the clinic of oncology and haematology at the central clinical hospital csk of the ministry of interior msw in warsaw were included in the study. Description and theoretical background chain of thoughts and. The clinical presentation of cancer of unknown primary origin is extremely variable, and depends on the extent and type of organ involvement, however, because most of these patients have fairly advancedstage disease, they typically present with the constitutional symptoms of malaise, weakness, fatigue, and weight loss. This instrument provides an assessment of several domains of mental health including anxiety, depression, behavioral control, positive affect, and. Praxis cognitive ability to do complex motor movements can be assessed by asking the patient to use a toothbrush or comb, light a match, or snap the fingers. Patient mental adjustment to selected types of cancer. Predictors of patients mental adjustment to cancer. After semantic validation, the scale was applied to a. See the seer and coc manuals for instructions on coding grade for cns tumors. The acceptance of illness scale is a questionnaire designed for measuring any disease acceptance in adult individuals 6. Minimental state examination mmse for the detection of.
May 20, 2012 the mini mental adjustment to cancer scale mini mac is a wellrecognised, popular measure of coping in psychooncology and assesses five cancer specific coping strategies. Using a longitudinal design, aim of this study was to investigate the relation between mental adjustment to cancer and anxiety, depression, healthrelated quality of life hrql and survival in patients treated for laryngeal cancer. Minimental adjustment to cancer minimac scale, which measures the degree of mental adjustment to disease. Selfcriticism, neediness, and distress among women. Grassi l, buda p, cavana l, annunziata m, torta r, varetto a.
Neglecting mental health in cancer treatment research shows a significant link between psychological factors and survival. Macq is defined as mental adjustment to cancer questionnaire very rarely. These effects contribute to emotional distress and mental health problems among cancer patients, and together can lead to substantial social problems, such as the inability to work and reduced income. Nomura t, et al mental health, mental fatigue and breast cancer screening examination behavior in adult women 63 affect and negative affect that make up subjective wellbeing. They provide a consistent approach to testing for the presence or absence of a disorder and help patients receive effective treatment. Screening tools used appropriately as part of a broader assessment, screening tools give clinicians a common language and objective metric. The mental adjustment to cancer mac scale was used to assess the cognitive responses to a cancer diagnosis. Cancer is not one disease, but a collection of related diseases that can occur almost anywhere in the body. Some reports suggest that coping efforts as measured by the mac scale are predictive for survival of breast cancer patients.
Cancer diagnosis can take toll on mental health webmd. The mini mac contains 29 items and the psychometric properties of the mini mac have proved satisfactory 31. There have been several attempts to replicate independently the original factor structure of the mac. The internalized stigma of mental illness scale9 ismi9 was developed by dr. The object of the study was to examine the factor structure and the psychometric properties of the mini mental adjustment to cancer scale mini mac among a large sample of norwegian breast cancer. Rasch analysis of the mini mental adjustment to cancer scale mini mac among a heterogeneous sample of longterm cancer survivors. We prepared a temporary scale consisting of 74 items based on a concept analysis with expert examination of the content validity, as well as a pilot study. Problems in the factor structure of the scale and the need for refining the instrument have determined the development of the minimac.
The minimental adjustment to cancer scale minimac is a wellrecognised, popular measure of coping in psychooncology and assesses five cancerspecific coping strategies. At its most basic, cancer is a disease of the genes in the cells of our body. Initial validation of the minimental adjustment to cancer. Started in 1995, this collection now contains 6767 interlinked topic pages divided into a tree of 31 specialty books and 732 chapters. Research article open access mental adjustment to cancer and. The objective of the study was to evaluate mental adjustment to cancer in patients diagnosed with an oncologic disease through identification of the coping strategies they had adopted. The most commonly diagnosed comorbid mental health conditions for cancer patients are conditions that fall on the affective or adjustment scale6.
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