Soil erosion soil mixture of minerals, organic material, living organisms, air, and water. Water and wind erosion are the two primary causes of land degradation. For most areas of iowa, the loss of 1 inch per acre of. Pollution is of different kinds depending on the nature of pollutants and pollutions. The severity of soil erosion is also dependent on the soil type and the presence of vegetation cover. Environment and related topics have nowadays become very important for upsc, state pcs and other govt competitive exams. The negative impacts of soil erosion due to inappropriate land management have become. Environmental pollution, types, causes, impact and. Processes, prediction, measurement, and control pdf, epub, docx and torrent then this site is not for you. The causes of soil erosion have been intensively discussed during the past 40 years. Soil erosion is a major environmental issue because it can lead to water pollution.
State of play of eea work on soil erosion indicators. Soil pollution types, effects, sources and control of soil pollution soil pollution soil pollution is defined as, contamination of soil by human and natural activities which may cause harmful effect on living organisms. Soil degradation is a global environmental problem which started since the innovation of agriculture by human kind. A by the national soil erosion soil productivity research planning committee, science and education administration ag ricu i t ural research ccurate estimates of future soil a productivity are essential to make agricultural policy decisions and to plan the use of land from the field scale to. Fire that destroys vegetation and triggers erosion has the same effect.
Watercaused soil erosion can be classified as below. In particular, the authors suggest that emphasis in targeted public interventions should not be limited to highcost and laboritensive physical structures but should also include soil cover management and promoting altemative supplies of fuel and fodder. Learn about the effects of soil erosion as well as. Pdf soil is the most fundamental and basic natural resource for all life to survive. Soil erosion under different rainfall intensities, surface. Soil erosion is the most serious precursor of soil degradation that comes with global implications. Pollution, whenever we talk about pollution then the major things we get in our mind is water pollution and air pollution. In earth science, erosion is the action of surface processes that removes soil, rock, or dissolved. Repeated erosion reduces water infiltration into the soil, which may result to withering of crops. This loss of cropland to the effects of soil erosion often results in the.
Once the fertile portion of the earths surface top soil is lost, it is very difficult to replace it. In this paper, the diverse factors that cause soil erosion are assessed. Of those, the role of surface roughness in soil erosion is perhaps one of the most vexing problems. The action of wind continues until that time when the power and momentum. Wind erosion is a natural process that moves soil from one location to another by. Environmental pollution can be defined as a change that is not wished or desired in the chemical, physical, or biological characteristics of any component of the environment air, water, and soil which can cause harmful effects on various or many forms of life. Causes and impacts of land degradation and desertification. The primary causes are tillage, grazing, and cutting of timber. Water and wind are the two main mechanisms by which soil is eroded and transported. Soil erosion can be a slow process that continues relatively unnoticed or can occur at an alarming rate, causing serious loss of topsoil. Water and wind erosion are two main agents that degrade soils. The detachment and movement of soil particles by the erosive forces of wind or water. With the growth of population in the coastal zone, more competing pressures are being put on the shores and beaches. Desertification has been defined as land degradation in arid, semiarid, and dry subhumid areas resulting from various factors, including climatic variations and human activities11.
Ruthless felling has exposed soils to direct effects of rain, snow and drought and has set in soil deterioration of the gully and. There is no such thing as a free biofuel from crop residues. Copies of the original booklets are available free of charge from. An ismail eroding rill on an intensivelyfarmed field in eastern germany. Erosion also enhances run off, which create unsightly gullies. Soil erosion is a continuous process that occurs either slowly or at an alarming rate. After i felt confident that students could express the cause and effect relationship of soil erosion, we sat down at our seats and did our notebook activity. Pdf 5 causes and 17 effects of riverbank erosion in. Dregne soil erosion is the main reason why desertification is irreversible.
The agents of soil erosion are water and wind, each contributing a significant amount of soil loss each year. Our reactions on these parameters are also very strong because we see the damages and changes occurred by them in our daily lives with very clear and it is a common nature of human beings in believing the things which. Currently, over onethird of the continent is threatened by desertification due to soil erosion. The top soil is lost by erosion which is the most fertile section, having evolved over centuries of soil forming processes. Causes, effects and control strategies 5 deforestation are maintained. Due to formation of gullies and ravines, valuable agricultural lands are lost.
But did you know that soil erosion also can seriously impair crop productivity. However, reliable quantification of their interactive effects on erosion is still lacking. Extensive erosion also minimizes the depth of soil available for water storage and rooting. Erosion leads to massive deposition of sediments on roads, and. Causes, effects and types of erosion water, wind, glacier. Therefore, a laboratory study was conducted to reveal the effects of ri and gws on hillslope erosion. Soil erosion is the displacement of the upper layer of soil, it is one form of soil degradation. Coastal erosion pdf causes,impact,mitigation measures the shorelines and beaches in india serve multidimensional needs such as recreational purpose, seaport for maritime commerce, residential and commercial structures, etc. Excessive grazing, deforestation, undesirable forest biota, and mechanical practices by man are important factors which cause soil erosion. If youre looking for a free download links of soil erosion. This natural process is caused by the dynamic activity of erosive agents, that is, water, ice glaciers, snow, air wind, plants, animals, and humans.
Learn the causes of soil erosion and ways to conserve it. A food and environmental threat david pimentel1 1college of agriculture and life. Main agents of soil erosion are 1 water, 2 wind, 3 waves and 4 glaciers. Soil erosion is a natural process that is enhanced by human activity richter, 1998 and occurs in all landscapes and under different land uses. Soil erosion not only despoils the earth for farming and other uses, but also increases the. The effects of soil erosion can be felt both onsite, meaning at the site of soil disruption, or offsite, meaning the location where the eroded soil. When soil erosion is severe, soil erodes faster than it can be renewed. Too much of soil erosion causes serious loss of topsoil and also reduces crop production potential, lower surface water quality, and damaged. Vegeta tion can regenerate from a degraded state as long as the seed stock remains viable and there is soil for seeds to germinate and grow in. Indeed some 31 countries do not even make the list because they have already removed most of their forests and even if that remain are seriously fragmented and degraded. Let us have a detailed look at the causes, effects and prevention of soil erosion.
Sometimes water flows as a sheet over large areas down a slope. In this article, we have thoroughly discussed the types, causes and impacts of different pollutions affecting humankind. What are the causes and effects, and how can it be prevented. Soil erosion impacts the agricultural industry as well as the natural environment. One third of the worlds agricultural soils, or roughly 2 billion hectares of land, was reported as being affected by soil. Interactive effects of raindrop impact and groundwater. Pdf assessment and reporting on soil erosion researchgate. Effects of soil erosion on soil properties as related to. The carrying away of dry soil and loose sand particles is known as deflation. All soils undergo soil erosion, but some are more vulnerable than others due to human activities and other natural causal factors. Students cut apart the causes and effects and matched them up. This handbook explains the causes, processes, and consequences of soil erosion and depletion, and describes the major soil and waterconservation measures which, when applied to the land in correct combinations, will greatly reduce or prevent soil erosion, improve fertility, and increase yields.
Removal of the top layer of soil by various means, which include both natural events and human activities, is called as soil erosion. The causes and effects of soil erosion from agriculture. It results in a continuous loss of topsoil, ecological degradation, soil collapse, etc. Flowing water, rainwater, and the wind are the prime agents which cause a significant amount of soil loss each year.
Causes of soil degradation and methods for soil conservation. Soil is the most fundamental and basic natural resource for all life to survive. Wind blows loose soil off flat or sloping land known as wind erosion. Estimate the rate tonsac of soil erosion using the rusle. In spite of heavy investments in research and development, the global rates of accelerated erosion are now presumbly higher than ever before. The burden on existing land available for such kind of cultivation increases which results in the loss of more nutrients from the soil without replenishing it. Runoff washes away the soil particles from sloping. Coastal erosion pdf causes,impact,mitigation measures. The causes and effects of soil erosion, and how to prevent it. Most agriculture activities, especially on sloping landscapes, increase the potential for soil erosion. Magnitude and the impacts of soil erosion on productivity depend on soil profile and. I again emphasized the because sentence frame where the cause effect is reversed.
Soil erosion can be defined as removal of top layer by natural agents like sun, wind, water and by man. Deforestation is the commonest factor which is responsible for soil erosion. The rate of erosion can be increased by activities other than those of humans. Soil erosion and pollution definition, examples, diagrams. The spectacular episodes of erosion, such as the soil blowing on.
The changes in area of forest by region and subregion are shown in table 1. Nearly 10 million hectares of arable land are lost to erosion and other forms of soil degradation every year 1 countries all over the world are battling with worrisome sight of deepening gullies crisscrossing the landscape and barren fields stripped of the fertile topsoil. The conventional wisdom has been to assume that surface roughness increases the resistance. Soil erosion is a major land degradation problem in south africa sa that has economic, social and environmental implications due to both onsite and offsite effects. Soil erosion is one of the most serious environmental and public health problems facing human society. Soil pollution types, effects, sources and control of. This can reduce soil quality and cause water pollution. Soil compaction, low organic matter, loss of soil structure, poor internal drainage, salinisation and soil acidity problems are other serious soil degradation conditions that can accelerate the soil erosion. Theory of environmental pollution is one among them.
280 74 42 563 577 1559 249 589 237 1028 974 896 1152 468 1348 1513 1153 22 955 803 920 840 537 1065 676 498 1497 1560 1345 694 1464 1132 935 65 1336 755 450 760 647 757 217 1218 1254 1042 564 486 686 690